The MarcoGram: For educators, principals and teacher-trainers.

Building from the Ground Up
Building a house from scratch can seem like a daunting task, but proper planning and cooperation can keep the project right on track. This month, MarcoPolo features lessons and resources to help you and your students examine different structures and buildings, and discover the rewards of working on a project from start to finish. Use the warm-up activities below to explore concepts of design, construction and teamwork, then scroll down for links to more lessons and resources.

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Warm-up Activities
 

Image of sod house courtesy of American Memory and the Nebraska State Historical Society [Digital ID, nbhips 16303].
 
1. Buildings come in all shapes and sizes, and can be made of brick, wood, stone, concrete, steel, mud, animal skins, bales of hay, even glass bottles! Many factors determine the best materials to use when constructing a building. The choice depends on the size, location, budget, available materials and intended function of the finished building.

What materials are commonly used to build a skyscraper? Why? When would you use mud or bales of hay to build a structure? What materials do you think were used to build your school or home?

Supply building sets, such as LEGO®, Tinkertoy® or Lincoln Logs®, and encourage students to construct their own structures. To extend the activity, invite an architect or local carpenter to class to discuss what it's like to design or build a house.

Learn about buildings and construction materials in:

"A Thematic Mathematics Project for Grade 7" (7) from Illuminations, The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
  "Built and Natural Environment" (K-4) from ARTSEDGE, The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
  "Putting It All Together" (K-2) from Science NetLinks, American Association for the Advancement of Science


© MCI Foundation
 
2. Why do people invent new products? Often, it's because they have an idea for a new item that would be useful to themselves or to other people. Other times, an existing product is altered to produce a new and improved version. It can take anywhere from a few days to several years to design, build, market and sell a new invention.

What household objects do you use every day? (Answers can include toothbrush, shoes, cars, pencils, television, lamps, forks, etc.) Which one would you like to improve or change? Who might benefit from using your new and improved version?

Ask students to select an everyday object and determine what improvements could be made. Have each student sketch his or her new and improved item, noting the differences between the old and new versions. Then, encourage each student to write one page of "sales copy" about his or her product for a radio or television announcement, or draw and color an advertisement to publish in the newspaper. To extend the activity, students can assemble and print a mock newspaper with the advertisements, or hold a mock radio program where they announce their new products to other classmates. Distribute awards for best improvement, most creative, funniest, etc.

Find out what it takes to design, build and sell a new product in:

"Engineering Solutions" (3-5) from Science NetLinks, American Association for the Advancement of Science
  "Market-Ability" (6-12) from EconEdLink, National Council on Economic Education
  "The Write Stuff" (3-5) from EconEdLink, National Council on Economic Education
  "Was There an Industrial Revolution? New Workplace, New Technology, New Consumers" (9-12) from EDSITEment, National Endowment for the Humanities

 
 
3. Teamwork goes a long way! When you participate on a team, you learn valuable lessons about patience, sharing, acceptance of different ideas, effective communication, time management and hard work. For example, writing and studying are often viewed as solitary activities, but can be fun and more productive when worked on as a team.

Can you name activities that are worked on by a team of people? (Answers can include building a house, playing a sport, producing a newspaper.) Identify people you see working together in school. (Possible answers include cafeteria workers, teachers, nursing staff, bus drivers, librarians or crossing guards.)What might happen if they didn't work as a team?

Supply students with a worksheet of vocabulary terms and definitions based on your current curriculum. Time the students to see how long it takes them to match the vocabulary terms to the correct definitions, and write the average length of time on the chalkboard. Then, separate the students into groups, and have them work within their group to determine how using teamwork can get the job done quickly and with greater accuracy. Ask each group to test its theory by completing a different worksheet. Which group completed the job faster and the greatest accuracy? What method did the group use to ensure success? Overall, do the students prefer to work in groups or alone?

Explore the benefits of teamwork in:

"Choose Your Own Adventure: A Hypertext Writing Experience" (6-8) from ReadWriteThink, International Reading Association and the National Council of Teachers of English
  "My World of Words: Building Vocabulary Lists" (3-5) from ReadWriteThink, International Reading Association and the National Council of Teachers of English

 
 
4. An indicator of the rate of growth in the nation is the number of housing starts. This figure, collected by the U.S. Census Bureau, tells how many new housing projects with permits were started in a given month. A high number can indicate a growing economy, while a low number can indicate a slow economy.

Is there a lot of new construction going on in your city or town? What kinds of structures are being built? Do you know of any empty buildings in your city or town? Why do you think the occupants moved away? What kinds of structures would you like to see built in your neighborhood?

Ask students to list the pros and cons of new local development. Discuss the potential impact on quality of life, animal habitats and population. Ask students to draw pictures of a type of development they feel would benefit their neighborhood. Mention that parks and playgrounds can be considered new development, and that some abandoned buildings can be fixed up to serve a new purpose. To extend the activity, select an abandoned local building or empty lot and ask students to work in groups to develop an imaginary business to occupy the space.

Examine the pros and cons of new development projects in:

"A Thematic Mathematics Project for Grade 7" (7) from Illuminations, The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
  "Bringing Architecture Home: Designing a Local Building" (9-12) from ARTSEDGE, The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
  "Design Your Own Suburb" (3-5) from Xpeditions, National Geographic Society
  "What To Do About Sprawl" (6-8) from Xpeditions, National Geographic Society

Featured Lessons
Use these standards-based Partner lessons in your K-12 classroom.

"A Thematic Mathematics Project for Grade 7" (7)
Illuminations, The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/lesson118.aspx
Students design, "build" and "sell" a house using drafting tools.

"Bringing Architecture Home: Designing a Local Building" (9-12)
ARTSEDGE, The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/lesson112.aspx
Students research architectural elements in preparation for creating a two-dimensional drawing or three-dimensional model of a local building.

"Built and Natural Environment" (K-4)
ARTSEDGE, The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/lesson113.aspx
Students read the book A House Is a House for Me by Mary Ann Hobermand, and discuss the kinds of homes used by different living and non-living things.

"Choose Your Own Adventure: A Hypertext Writing Experience" (6-8)
ReadWriteThink, International Reading Association and the National Council of Teachers of English
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/lesson120.aspx
Students work in groups to produce one part of a collaborative create-your-own-adventure story, which can be published online.

"Design Your Own Suburb" (3-5)
Xpeditions, National Geographic Society
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/lesson125.aspx
Students explore their own perceptions of cities and suburbs, and consider elements that lead to rapid suburban growth.

"Engineering Solutions" (3-5)
Science NetLinks, American Association for the Advancement of Science
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/lesson123.aspx
Students use Internet resources to design, implement and evaluate solutions related to the problem of waste disposal.

"Market-Ability" (6-12)
EconEdLink, National Council on Economic Education
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/lesson114.aspx
Students create and conduct market surveys to determine if products they have invented are marketable.

"My World of Words: Building Vocabulary Lists" (3-5)
ReadWriteThink, International Reading Association and the National Council of Teachers of English
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/lesson122.aspx
Students create their own vocabulary lists.

"Putting It All Together" (K-2)
Science NetLinks, American Association for the Advancement of Science
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/lesson124.aspx
Students use building blocks to design, create and evaluate different structures.

"Spatial Reasoning Using Cubes and Isometric Drawings" (6-8)
Illuminations, The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/lesson119.aspx
Students use interactive applets to create and explore dimensional geometric shapes.

"The Industrial Age in America: Sweatshops, Steel Mills and Factories" (6-8)
EDSITEment, National Endowment for the Humanities
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/lesson116.aspx
Students examine the line between acceptable business practices and unacceptable working conditions.

"The Write Stuff" (3-5)
EconEdLink, National Council on Economic Education
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/lesson115.aspx
Students examine a pencil to determine the resources needed for its manufacturing process.

"Was There an Industrial Revolution? New Workplace, New Technology, New Consumers" (9-12)
EDSITEment, National Endowment for the Humanities
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/lesson117.aspx
Students explore the rise in American consumerism based on changes in manufacturing processes begun in the Civil War period.

"What To Do About Sprawl" (6-8)
Xpeditions, National Geographic Society
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/lesson126.aspx
Students analyze evidence of sprawl in an Atlanta suburb, and make recommendations to minimize sprawl's impact.


Partner-Reviewed Web Sites
Use these Partner-reviewed and approved resources to increase comprehension about this month's topic.

Be an Architect 
Reviewed by ARTSEDGE
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/website47.aspx 

Economagic: Census Bureau Building Permits 
Reviewed by EconEdLink
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/website49.aspx 

Faultline: Constructing Earthquake-Resistant Buildings 
Reviewed by Xpeditions
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/website50.aspx 

Math to Build On 
Reviewed by Illuminations
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/website54.aspx 

PBS: Building Big 
Reviewed by EDSITEment
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/website48.aspx 

PBS: Scaling the Pyramids 
Reviewed by Science NetLinks
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/website51.aspx 

Young Writers Workshop 
Reviewed by ReadWriteThink
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/website53.aspx 

 
Search for more lessons and resources


MarcoPolo Resources
Use these interactive resources to learn more about the MarcoPolo Partnership. 
 
MarcoPolo recently launched a New Users page to assist educators in understanding the MarcoPolo program. The New Users page includes a Flash presentation that provides a comprehensive overview of the MarcoPolo program, a link to the free weekly MarcoPolo Web Conferencing Awareness sessions, Partner Site overviews and a link to the new, improved MarcoPolo Search Engine.
 
 
Links for New (and Returning) MarcoPolo Users
http://www.marcopolo-education.org/mg/resource9.aspx

 
 
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Catch up with the MarcoGram

July 2003: Dust Bowl Days to Victory Days: 1930s to 1945 

June 2003: Breaking the Language Barrier 

May 2003: Biography: The Story of a Life 
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